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EAF ,LADLE ,Tundish Nozzle Filling Sand / Pouring Sand/ filler sand

2026-04-09

EAF ,LADLE ,Tundish Nozzle Filling Sand / Pouring Sand/ FILLER SAND serves as a key filling material for the bottom nozzle of ladles, and its core function is to ensure smooth operation in continuous casting production. Its main applications include continuous casting ladles, eccentric bottom tapping of electric arc furnaces (EAF), and tundishes.

Its working mechanism is as follows: under the thermal effect of molten steel, a thin sintered layer, i.e., a "crust", forms on the upper surface of the pouring sand filled in the ladle nozzle. Once the sliding gate is opened, most of the unsintered sand inside the nozzle falls freely, and the static pressure of molten steel breaks the "crust", thus realizing automatic teeming (auto-start) of molten steel.

This process effectively protects the sliding gate and reduces secondary oxidation and contamination of molten steel.

The application performance of pouring sand is directly reflected in the ladle auto-start rate. Key performance indicators affecting the auto-start rate include its chemical composition (such as Cr₂O₃ content), angle of repose (fluidity), and particle size. For instance, using chromite-based pouring sand with higher Cr₂O₃ content, or optimizing the angle of repose from 26° to 22°, can significantly improve the auto-start rate.

Key production and operation parameters have an important impact on application performance, including controlling the ladle preheating temperature (required to reach a red-heat state, above approximately 1100℃), molten steel holding/standing time (e.g., controlled within 120 minutes), and the filling fullness of pouring sand (which should form a spherical crown on the nozzle).

Automation is an important development trend to improve application performance. Automatic filling technology for ladle pouring sand can enhance filling accuracy and reduce safety risks.

In addition, the application of technologies such as automatic pouring sand receiving devices and robots for mounting/dismounting long nozzles aims to reduce contamination of clean molten steel by pouring sand, and improve operational safety and stability.

引流砂作为钢包底部水口的关键填充材料，其核心应用是保障连铸生产的顺行，主要应用场景包括连铸钢包、电炉偏心炉底出钢（EAF）以及中间包。

其作用机理是：填充于钢包水口中的引流砂上表面在钢水的热作用下产生较薄的烧结层，形成 “壳体”；一旦滑板打开，水口内绝大多数未烧结的砂体自由下落，同时由钢水的静压力压破 “壳体”，从而实现钢水自动开浇（自开）。

这一过程能有效保护滑板，减少钢水二次氧化和污染。引流砂的应用效果直接体现在钢包自开率上，其成分（如 Cr₂O₃含量）、安息角（流动性）、粒度等是影响自开率的关键性能指标。例如，通过使用 Cr₂O₃含量更高的铬质引流砂，或将安息角从 26° 优化至 22°，可将自开率显著提升。

生产操作要点如控制钢包烘烤温度（需达到红热状态，约 1100℃以上）、盛钢 / 静置时间（如盛钢时间控制在 120 分钟内）、引流砂填充饱满度（水口上应成球冠状）等，均对使用效果有重要影响。

自动化是提升应用效果的重要发展方向，钢包引流砂自动填充技术可提高填充精度、降低安全风险。此外，接引流砂自动化装置、长水口拆装机器人等技术的应用，旨在减少引流砂对纯净钢水的污染，并提高操作安全性与稳定性。

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2026-04-09