加热炉耐材（耐火材料）设计是工业炉窑工程的核心，核心目标是耐高温、抗侵蚀、隔热节能、结构稳定、长寿命，并按炉内温度、气氛、渣蚀、热震、机械冲击进行分区选型与复合结构设计。

Refractory design is the core of industrial furnace engineering. Its key objectives are high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal insulation & energy saving, structural stability and long service life. Zone-based material selection and composite structure design are carried out according to furnace temperature, atmosphere, slag attack, thermal shock and mechanical impact.

耐高温性：800～1450℃长期稳定，不熔融、不软化

High Temperature Resistance: Stable for long-term service at 800–1450℃, no melting or softening

抗热震性：耐急冷急热，不开裂、剥落

Thermal Shock Resistance: Resistant to rapid heating and cooling, no cracking or spalling

抗侵蚀性：抗熔渣、烟气、金属氧化物化学侵蚀

Corrosion Resistance: Resistant to chemical attack from molten slag, flue gas and metal oxides

耐磨性：抗工件、炉气、粉尘机械冲刷

Abrasion Resistance: Resistant to mechanical erosion from workpieces, furnace gas and dust

隔热性：低导热、低热容，外壁温度≤75～80℃（标准）

Thermal Insulation: Low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity; shell surface temperature ≤ 75–80℃ (standard)

体积稳定性：高温线变化率小，无过大收缩 / 膨胀

Volume Stability: Small linear change at high temperature, no excessive shrinkage or expansion

气密性：减少漏气、吸冷风，提高热效率

Gas Tightness: Reduce air leakage and cold air ingress, improve thermal efficiency

结构：致密耐火砖（工作层）+ 轻质隔热砖 / 板（保温层）

Structure: Dense refractory brick (working layer) + lightweight insulating brick/board (insulating layer)

适用：高温、强侵蚀、强机械冲击（轧钢加热炉、台车炉）

Application: High temperature, severe corrosion, heavy mechanical impact (steel rolling heating furnace, car-bottom furnace)

优点：强度高、寿命长、抗渣性好

Advantages: High strength, long service life, good slag resistance

缺点：蓄热大、升温慢、重量大

Disadvantages: Large heat storage, slow heating, heavy weight

结构：耐火浇注料（工作层，整体浇筑）+ 陶瓷纤维板 / 毯（保温层）

Structure: Refractory castable (working layer, monolithic casting) + ceramic fiber board/blanket (insulating layer)

适用：化工炉、裂解炉、热处理炉、大型箱式炉

Application: Chemical furnace, cracking furnace, heat treatment furnace, large box furnace

优点：整体性好、气密性强、施工快、异形部位适配

Advantages: Good integrity, high gas tightness, fast construction, adaptable to irregular parts

缺点：养护周期长、修补难度大

Disadvantages: Long curing period, difficult repair

结构：陶瓷纤维模块 / 叠铺（工作层）+ 纤维毯 / 板（保温层）

Structure: Ceramic fiber module /layered laying (working layer) + fiber blanket/board (insulating layer)

适用：中低温、频繁启停、要求快速升温（热处理炉、辊底炉）

Application: Medium & low temperature, frequent start-stop, rapid heating required (heat treatment furnace, roller hearth furnace)

优点：超轻、低热容、节能 30%+、抗热震极强

Advantages: Ultra-lightweight, low heat capacity, energy saving over 30%, excellent thermal shock resistance

缺点：不耐强冲刷、不耐重物撞击、不耐熔渣

Disadvantages: Poor resistance to strong erosion, heavy impact and molten slag

热面：耐磨浇注料

Hot face: Wear-resistant castable

背衬：陶瓷纤维模块

Back lining: Ceramic fiber modules

兼顾抗蚀与节能

Balances corrosion resistance and energy saving

结构（由内到外）：

Structure (from inside to outside):

工作层（230～300mm）

Working layer (230–300mm)

隔热层（113～200mm）：轻质粘土砖、高铝隔热砖、陶瓷纤维板

Insulating layer (113–200mm): Lightweight fireclay brick, high-alumina insulating brick, ceramic fiber board

外层：硅酸铝纤维毯、岩棉（降低壳温）

Outer layer: Alumina-silicate fiber blanket, rock wool (reduce shell temperature)

吊挂砖结构：

Suspended brick structure:

全纤维炉顶：陶瓷纤维折叠块（1200℃以下）

All-fiber furnace roof: Ceramic fiber folded modules (below 1200℃)

预热段：粘土砖 + 轻质隔热砖

Preheating zone: Fireclay brick + lightweight insulating brick

加热段（氧化铁皮侵蚀）：

Heating zone (scale corrosion):

均热段（钢坯冲击 + 高温）：

Soaking zone (billet impact + high temperature):

材料：高抗热震高铝砖、莫来石砖

Material: High thermal shock resistant high-alumina brick, mullite brick

密封：陶瓷纤维绳、纤维毯

Sealing: Ceramic fiber rope, fiber blanket

中低温区：粘土砖、轻质浇注料、陶瓷纤维

Medium & low temperature zone: Fireclay brick, lightweight castable, ceramic fiber

含硫 / 腐蚀气氛：抗渗碳、抗酸蚀材质

Sulfur-containing /corrosive atmosphere: Carburization-resistant and acid-resistant materials

总厚度按温度控制外壁≤75℃

Total thickness designed to keep shell surface ≤75℃

1200℃级炉墙总厚：450～550mm

Total thickness for 1200℃ class furnace wall: 450–550mm

1300℃级：500～650mm

1300℃ class: 500–650mm

纤维炉衬：200～350mm

Fiber lining: 200–350mm

砖砌：每 5～8m 设纵向 / 横向膨胀缝，宽 5～12mm，填充陶瓷纤维绳

Brickwork: Vertical/horizontal expansion joints every 5–8m, 5–12mm wide, filled with ceramic fiber rope

浇注料：每 2～4m 切缝或埋纤维条

Castable: Saw cuts or embedded fiber strips every 2–4m

纤维结构：模块间留压缩量（5%～8%），自动补偿

Fiber structure: Compression allowance (5–8%) reserved between modules for automatic compensation

砖结构：金属锚固件、托砖板、加固圈

Brick structure: Metal anchors, brick supports, reinforcing rings

浇注料：耐热钢锚钩（Cr25Ni20），间距 200～300mm

Castable: Heat-resistant steel anchors (Cr25Ni20), spacing 200–300mm

纤维模块：专用不锈钢锚固件、U 型钉、打包带

Fiber modules: Special stainless steel anchors, U-nails, strapping bands