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Refractory Design for Ferrosilicon Furnace （SAF）

2026-04-13

硅铁炉耐材设计

Refractory Design for Ferrosilicon Furnace

 

一、炉型与工况特点

Furnace Type & Working Conditions

 
  • 硅铁炉
  • Ferrosilicon Furnace
  • 埋弧矿热炉
  • Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF)
  • 冶炼温度：1800～2200℃
  • Smelting Temperature: 1800–2200°C
  • 炉渣性质：强酸性渣（高 SiO₂）
  • Slag Property: Strongly acidic slag (high SiO₂)
  • 主要侵蚀：高温冲刷、渣蚀、铁水渗透、热震
  • Main Erosion: High-temperature erosion, slag attack, molten iron penetration, thermal shock
 
 

二、整体炉衬结构设计

 

Overall Lining Structure Design

 

1. 炉底结构 Furnace Bottom

  • 工作层：石墨碳砖 / 半石墨碳砖 / 微孔碳砖
  • Working Layer: Graphite brick, semi-graphite brick or microporous carbon brick
  • 永久层：高铝砖 / 复合耐火砖
  • Permanent Layer: High-alumina brick /composite refractory brick
  • 保温层：轻质保温砖 + 耐火纤维板
  • Insulation Layer: Lightweight insulating brick + refractory fiber board
  • 结构特点：全碳质炉底，抗铁水渗透、导热好、寿命长
  • Structural Feature: All-carbon bottom, excellent resistance to iron penetration, good thermal conductivity, long service life
 

2. 炉墙结构 Furnace Side Wall

  • 上部炉墙（非渣线区）：高铝砖 / 莫来石砖 + 保温层
  • Upper Wall (Non-slag Line): High-alumina brick /mullite brick + insulation
  • 渣线区：碳化硅砖（SiC）或氮化硅结合碳化硅砖
  • Slag Line Zone: Silicon carbide (SiC) brick or Si₃N₄-bonded SiC brick
  • 下部炉墙 / 炉缸区：碳砖砌筑
  • Lower Wall / Hearth Area: Lined with carbon bricks
  • 炉口 / 炉顶：耐火浇注料、预制块
  • Furnace Mouth / Roof: Refractory castable, precast blocks
 

3. 出铁口 / 出渣口 Taphole & Slag Hole

  • 材质：氮化硅结合碳化硅（Si₃N₄-SiC）
  • Material: Silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide (Si₃N₄-SiC)
  • 特点：耐高温冲刷、抗氧化、抗渣侵蚀、易修补
  • Features: High resistance to erosion, oxidation resistance, slag resistance, easy repair
 
 

三、关键部位耐材选型

 

Refractory Selection for Key Parts

 
表格
部位Position推荐耐火材料Recommended Refractory
炉底工作层Hearth working layer石墨碳砖 / 微孔碳砖Graphite brick / Microporous carbon brick
炉墙下部Lower side wall半石墨碳砖Semi-graphite carbon brick
渣线区Slag line zone碳化硅砖 / Si₃N₄-SiC 砖SiC brick / Si₃N₄-SiC brick
炉墙上部Upper side wall高铝砖 / 莫来石砖High-alumina brick / Mullite brick
出铁口TapholeSi₃N₄结合 SiC 质Si₃N₄-bonded SiC material
炉盖 / 炉顶Furnace roof/cover高铝浇注料 / 耐酸浇注料High-alumina castable / Acid-resistant castable
保温层Insulation layer轻质隔热砖、硅酸铝纤维Lightweight insulating brick, aluminum silicate fiber
 
 

四、设计要点与技术要求

Design Key Points & Technical Requirements

炉衬厚度

Lining thickness

  • 炉底碳砖层：600～1200 mm
  • Carbon layer at bottom: 600–1200 mm
  • 炉墙碳砖区：300～500 mm
  • Carbon wall area: 300–500 mm

膨胀缝设置

Expansion joint design

  • 碳砖区预留 2～4 mm/m 膨胀缝
  • Reserve 2–4 mm/m expansion joints in carbon brick zones

砌筑要求

Laying requirements

  • 砖缝≤1.5 mm，采用碳素胶泥砌筑
  • Brick joint ≤1.5 mm, laid with carbon mortar

防渗透设计

Anti-penetration design

  • 炉底采用致密低气孔碳砖，防止铁水渗漏
  • Use dense low-porosity carbon bricks to prevent molten iron penetration

热工与安全

Thermal & safety design

  • 外侧设置保温层，降低炉壳温度
  • Install insulation layer outside to reduce shell temperature
  • 关键区域布置测温点，监测内衬状态
  • Install temperature monitoring points in key areas
 
 

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