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Refractory Design for SI-MN Furnace( SAF )

2026-04-13

硅锰炉耐材设计

Refractory Design for Silicomanganese Furnace

 

一、工况特点 Working Conditions

 
  • 硅锰炉
  • Silicomanganese Furnace
  • 炉型：埋弧矿热炉
  • Furnace Type: Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF)
  • 冶炼温度：1600～1900℃
  • Smelting Temperature: 1600–1900°C
  • 炉渣性质：中偏碱性渣，含 MnO、SiO₂、CaO、MgO
  • Slag Property: Medium to basic slag, containing MnO, SiO₂, CaO, MgO
  • 主要损毁形式：熔渣侵蚀、高温冲刷、锰铁渗透、热震剥落、氧化蚀损
  • Main Damage Mechanisms: Slag corrosion, high-temperature erosion, ferromanganese penetration, thermal shock spalling, oxidation erosion
 
 

二、炉衬整体结构设计 Overall Lining Structure Design

 

1. 炉底 Furnace Bottom

  • 工作层：致密碳砖 / 半石墨碳砖 / 微孔碳砖
  • Working Layer: Dense carbon brick /semi-graphite carbon brick /microporous carbon brick
  • 永久层：高铝砖或铝镁碳复合砖
  • Permanent Layer: High-alumina brick or alumina-magnesia carbon composite brick
  • 保温层：轻质隔热砖 + 耐火纤维板
  • Insulation Layer: Lightweight insulating brick + refractory fiber board
  • 设计要点：全碳质炉底，抗铁水渗透、导热均匀、使用寿命长
 
  • Design Key Points: All-carbon hearth, excellent resistance to molten metal penetration, uniform heat conduction, long service life
 

2. 炉墙 Furnace Side Wall

  • 下部炉墙 / 炉缸区：碳砖砌筑
  • Lower Wall / Hearth Zone: Lined with carbon bricks
  • 上部炉墙：高铝砖 / 莫来石砖 + 轻质保温层
  • Upper Wall: High-alumina brick /mullite brick + lightweight insulation layer
  • 炉口及炉顶：高铝浇注料、耐冲刷预制块
 
  • Furnace Mouth & Roof: High-alumina castable, erosion-resistant precast blocks
 

3. 出铁口 / 出渣口 Taphole & Slag Hole

  • 材质：氮化硅结合碳化硅（Si₃N₄-SiC）或高强度碳质捣打料
  • Material: Silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide (Si₃N₄-SiC) or high-strength carbon ramming mix
  • 特点：耐高温冲刷、抗渣侵蚀、抗氧化、易修补
  • Features: High temperature erosion resistance, slag corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, easy maintenance
 
 

三、关键部位耐材选型 Refractory Selection for Key Parts

 
表格
部位Position推荐耐火材料Recommended Refractory
炉底工作层Hearth working layer微孔碳砖 / 半石墨碳砖Microporous carbon brick / Semi-graphite carbon brick
炉墙下部Lower side wall高致密碳砖High-density carbon brick
    
炉墙Upper side wall高铝砖 / 莫来石砖High-alumina brick / Mullite brick
出铁口TapholeSi₃N₄结合 SiC 质 / 碳质捣打料Si₃N₄-bonded SiC / Carbon ramming mix
炉顶 / 炉盖Furnace roof / cover高铝浇注料 / 低水泥浇注料High-alumina castable / Low-cement castable
保温隔热层Insulation layer轻质保温砖、硅酸铝纤维Lightweight insulating brick, aluminum silicate fiber
 
 

四、设计技术要求 Design & Technical Requirements

 

炉衬厚度

 

Lining Thickness

 
  • 炉底碳砖层：600～1100 mm
  • Carbon brick layer at hearth: 600–1100 mm
  • 炉墙碳砖区：300～500 mm
  • Carbon brick zone on side wall: 300–500 mm

膨胀缝设置

Expansion Joint Design

  • 碳砖区域预留 2～4 mm/m 膨胀缝
  • Expansion joints of 2–4 mm/m reserved in carbon brick areas

砌筑与施工

Laying & Construction

  • 砖缝控制≤1.5 mm，高温区采用碳素胶泥砌筑
  • Brick joint ≤1.5 mm; carbon mortar used in high-temperature zones

抗渗透与抗侵蚀

 

Anti-penetration & Anti-corrosion

  • 炉底采用低气孔致密碳砖，防止锰铁液渗透
  • Low-porosity dense carbon bricks used at hearth to prevent silicomanganese penetration
  • 渣线区选用抗碱性渣性能优异的镁碳系材料
  • MgO-C series materials with excellent basic slag resistance applied in slag line zone

热工与安全设计

 

Thermal & Safety Design

  • 外侧设置多层保温，降低炉壳温度
  • Multi-layer insulation installed outside to reduce shell temperature
  • 关键部位布置测温点，实时监测内衬状态
  • Temperature measuring points arranged at key parts for real-time lining condition monitoring

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