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Refractory Design for Waste Incineration Furnace

2026-04-17

垃圾焚烧炉 耐火材料设计

 

Refractory Design for Waste Incineration Furnace

 

一、工况特点

 

1. Working Conditions

 
  • 温度：750～1250℃，波动剧烈
 
  • Temperature: 750～1250℃, severe fluctuation
  • 气氛：强腐蚀（HCl、SO₂、碱金属、重金属蒸气）
 
  • Atmosphere: Strong corrosion (HCl, SO₂, alkali metals, heavy metal vapor)
  • 侵蚀：熔融盐侵蚀、飞灰冲刷、热震、磨蚀
 
  • Erosion: Molten salt corrosion, fly ash erosion, thermal shock, abrasion
  • 核心要求：抗腐蚀、抗剥落、抗热震、高强度、长寿命
 
  • Key Requirements: Corrosion resistance, spalling resistance, thermal shock resistance, high strength, long service life
 

二、炉体分区与耐材配置（中英文对照）

 

2. Furnace Zoning & Refractory Configuration

 

1）炉膛高温燃烧区（主燃区）

 

1. High Temperature Combustion Zone

 
中文
 
  • 材料：耐碱耐磨浇注料 / 刚玉莫来石浇注料
  • 特点：耐高温、抗酸碱盐侵蚀、抗冲刷
 
English
 
  • Material: Alkali & abrasion resistant castable / Corundum-mullite castable
  • Features: High temp resistance, acid/alkali/salt corrosion resistance, erosion resistance
 

2）二次风区、过渡区

 

2. Secondary Air Zone & Transition Zone

 
中文
 
  • 材料：高铝耐磨浇注料、莫来石质浇注料
  • 特点：抗热震、抗飞灰冲刷
 
English
 
  • Material: High alumina abrasion resistant castable, Mullite castable
  • Features: Thermal shock resistance, fly ash erosion resistance
 

3）烟道、对流换热区（中低温区）

 

3. Flue Duct & Convection Zone (Medium-Low Temp)

 
中文
 
  • 材料：轻质耐磨浇注料 / 复合保温浇注料
  • 特点：保温好、耐磨、防结焦
 
English
 
  • Material: Lightweight abrasion resistant castable / Composite insulating castable
  • Features: Good insulation, abrasion resistance, anti-coking
 

4）炉拱、喉口、折焰角（冲刷最严重）

 

4. Furnace Arch, Throat, Flame Folding Angle

 
中文
 
  • 材料：刚玉莫来石耐磨浇注料 / 碳化硅复合浇注料
  • 厚度：200～300mm
  • 特点：超强抗冲刷、抗剥落
 
English
 
  • Material: Corundum-mullite abrasion resistant castable / SiC composite castable
  • Thickness: 200～300mm
  • Features: Superior erosion & spalling resistance
 

5）炉门、检修口、热交变区

 

5. Door, Manhole, Thermal Cycling Zone

 
中文
 
  • 材料：陶瓷纤维模块 + 耐磨面层
  • 特点：热容小、抗热震极佳
 
English
 
  • Material: Ceramic fiber module + abrasion resistant surface layer
  • Features: Low heat capacity, excellent thermal shock resistance
 

三、典型炉衬结构（双层）

 

3. Typical Lining Structure (Double Layer)

 
中文
 
  1. 工作层：耐磨抗蚀浇注料 
  2. 保温层：轻质保温浇注料 / 纤维板 
  3. 锚固系统：Cr25Ni20 耐热钢锚固件
 
English
 
  1. Working Lining: Abrasion & corrosion resistant castable 
  2. Insulation Layer: Lightweight insulating castable / fiber board 
  3. Anchoring System: Cr25Ni20 heat-resistant steel anchors
 

四、关键设计原则

 

4. Key Design Principles

 
中文
 
  • 垃圾焚烧炉以化学腐蚀 + 物理冲刷为主，严禁使用普通高铝砖
  • 高温区必须用刚玉莫来石或耐碱耐磨浇注料
  • 严格控制线变化率，防止开裂剥落
  • 膨胀缝合理布置，避免热胀挤压损坏
  • 表面致密、无气孔，防止酸碱渗透
 
English
 
  • Dominated by chemical corrosion + physical erosion, ordinary high alumina bricks are strictly forbidden
  • High temp zone must use corundum-mullite or alkali-abrasion resistant castable
  • Strictly control linear change rate to prevent cracking & spalling
  • Reasonable expansion joints to avoid thermal expansion damage
  • Dense & non-porous surface to prevent acid-alkali penetration

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